Enhancing 3D data visualization standards and practices for natural history collections

3D imaging is a cutting-edge method for digitizing natural history collections, offering immense potential for taxonomy, general biology, and education. By analyzing 3D models, specialists worldwide can instantly access rare reference objects from collections, aiding in field interpretation and various scientific and educational applications. As 3D scanning becomes more efficient and digitization initiatives invest heavily in generating 3D data, 3D models are anticipated to become widespread. Surprisingly, there is limited research on how these 3D data are being used for research and education in natural history collections. Initial comparisons suggest the current 3D models are complex sets of data, lack suitable tools for analysis and modification, and require linking to additional metadata for utility in taxonomic research and education. This proposal aims to establish additional standards for 3D data preparation and develop best practice guidelines to ensure the usability of natural history collections data. Rather than focusing on developing ready-to-use solutions, the emphasis will be on identifying needs, documenting recommendations, and testing them with expert user groups. The outcomes will directly impact data infrastructures in the U.S., Europe, and Switzerland, serving over 500 institutions. They will also enable expert groups worldwide, particularly in the Global South, to virtually access natural history collection specimens for various scientific purposes